Combined self-heating washer-driers and control apparatus therefor



Oct. 17, 1967 w E. STILWELL, JR

COMBINED SEL F-HEATING WASHER- ERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THER OR Original Filed April 25, 1959 BY/W 13 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

Oct. 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 l3 Sheets-Sheet 2 7. 1967 w. E. STILWELL. JR

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 l l l HHn r K INVENTOR. [5

Oct. 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS I AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 13 Sheets-Sheet 4 Oct. 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR 3,347,055

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 IOO Oct. 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 13 Sheets-Sheet 6 A H W N r 9 MM 5 Q H v W/Z//////////// 7 Ja /n we M M; M M 2 I W M m A 2%? a :N 0 m m m M N 7: M a. I]: M r L M Ma ll/ Get. 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR 3,347,065

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER'DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 l3Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR.

BYWAJ Oct. 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR 3,347,065

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 t e 0 e 7 m 4 m Qw t e 3 e h S 5 S l R m R R O D F m Rwm E H m w EG N I T A E H Oct. 17, 1967 w. E. STILW COMBINED SELF- AND CONTROL APPARATUS TH Original Filed April 23, 1959 O t- 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR 3,347,065

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 13 Sheets-Sheet 1O UL; lllllllllllllllllllllllll I. l l l n Ii Oct. 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR 3,347,065

COMBINED SELF'HEATING WASHERDRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Original Filed April 23, 1959 13 Sheets-Sheet ll e rforadtlo, [V5

g] V NTOR.

Oct. 17, 1967 w. E. STILWELL, JR 3,347,065

COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR 1 Original Filed April 23, 1959 13 Sheefcs-Sheet 12 I 0 2 9 2 w 2 8 6 8 8 m 2 2 lllullllllllllllrlll [I'll I 1 I l l I I I l I l \\2 9 Z in 1: 7 8 6 2 8 Z I l 9 8 m 2 2 13 Sheets-Sheet 15 To N RE 5141/7'6/ w Z W. E. STILWELL, JR COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR Oct. 17, 1967 Original Filed April 23,

IIIIIIIIII United States Patent 3,347,065 COMBINED SELF-HEATING WASHER-DRIERS AND CONTROL APPARATUS THEREFOR William E. Stilwell, Jr., deceased, late of Glendale, Ohio,

by Frances Hunt Stilwell, executrix, 740 Ivy Ave., Glendale, Ohio 45246 Continuation of application Ser. No. 305,242, Aug. 26, 1963, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 808,418, Apr. 23, 1959. This application Oct. 6, 1965, Ser. No. 497,596

Claims. (Cl. 68-12) This is a continuation application of pending application Ser. No. 305,242, filed Aug. 26, 1963 and now abandoned, which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 808,418, filed Apr. 23, 1959 and now abandoned.

This invention relates primarily to home laundry appliances and more particularly to washer-dryers comprising only one imperforate tumbler tub, instead of two tubs, as in the prior art where one of them was a perforate tumbler and the other a stationary imperforate outer tub.

More particularly, the invention relates to a home laundry machine which is designed to wash, rinse and dry laundry in a single tumbler tub and which is adapted to use a cold or unheated water supply, the wash water being heated in the tub to the desired temperature while the washing cycle progresses and in which the maximum temperature of that Water is limited automatically by the length of the washing cycle which can be preset to suit the particular type of clothes being laundered.

Automatic washer-dryer, as heretofore constructed, required a separate hot water heater, either of the storage or instantaneous type. In most cases, the water lines from the heater to the washer were so long that the water cooled materially below the ideal temperature by the time it reached the machine. Furthermore, while it has been claimed that machines, as heretofore constructed, possessed an S-pound load washing capacity, such machines did not, in fact, have that capacity and under no circumstances did they have more than two and a half to four pounds of wrinkle-free drying capacity.

At the present time there is a market saturation imbalance of approximately9l% for washers, 16% for dryers, and 1% for washer-dryers. That imbalance is illogical, because all washed clothes must be dried; it has resulted from the adherence to certain design principles and the employment of means that are incompatible,

with mass market needs. More specifically, conventional laundry drying appliances are expensive additions to conventional laundry washing appliances rather than an inexpensive, indivisible integration as embodied in -my invention. The prior art Washer-dryers and separate washer, dryer units, have resulted in unacceptable, prohibitive production, operating and service costs; the cabinet sizes, laundry capacities and total laundering times and results have also been unsatisfactory.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a machine which, in a preferred embodiment thereof, comprises a basic unit including a single, imperforate, tapered, hollow tub having among others, the following features:

(a) The ability to use a cold water supply for washing and rinsing, in lieu of a separate storage or instantaneous water heater supply.

(b) Double, hollow journals supported in hearings in a cage or frame which may be supported in a shell or dress-up housing.

(c) The heating of the wash solution and the rinse Water by the same means which are employed to dry the laundry in the machine.

(d) A three-speed transmission for driving the single imperforate tub at a relatively low tumble speed for Washing; at a slightly higher speed for redistribution of the laundry in the tub to minimize unbalance when the tub is accelerated to and driven at centrifuging or water extraction speed, and a centrifuging speed.

(c) A simple control system for:

(1) Controlling the length of the washing period, thereby automatically limiting the maximum temperature to which water is heated during the detergent washing cycle;

(2) Eliminating a multiplicity of complicated washing programs;

(3) De-energization of the washer-dryer heaters during periods of acceleration of the tumbler tub from the washing speed to the successive higher speeds, thereby keeping the kw. peak demands within the normal kilowatts used in the normal operation of the machine;

(4) Automatic maintenance of a maximum free water level in the tub with automatic desudsing action in the event an excess of sudsing detergents have been added, thereby making up for the loss of Water carried outwith overflowing suds; and

(5) Obtaining all of the above advantages without any essential change in operation between the washing and the drying cycles, except for the novel manner of maintaining a maximum free water volume in the tub during washing and rinsing, which free volume is materially lower than that employed in contemporary machines.

A further object is to provide a basic laundry unit resting on the logical premise that all washers and all dryers have a tub, a support, an agitating means, a cabinet, a motor, a transmission, a control and sometimes a heating element, as common elements in principle and, as such, to coordinate into a single imperforate tub machine those factors and elements which are essential to an efiicient, low cost combination washer-dryer; to so arrange those factors and elements that the dryer heaters are used as the source for heating the Wash solution and the rinse water as well. My invention involves a combination of those elements so arranged as to provide a self heating, self-purging, double-hollow-journaled, cagesupported, three-speed, imperforate tumbler tub machine enclosed by a shell housing, all without essentially changing the operational functions between the washing and the drying cycles, other than those involving the handling and the control of the free water.

' A further object is to provide a washer-dryer having the largest laundry capacity in the smallest cabinet of any contemporary machine, in order to obtain the best laundering results per dollar of purchase price and per square foot of floor occupancy.

For example, in a preferred embodiment of my invention, the tumbler tub volume is 6 cubic feet, the tub is housed in a cabinet 27" wide, 25" deep, and 34" high in contrast with the largest capacity contemporary home dryer of 5.8 cubic feet housed in a cabinet 31" wide, 26" deep, 36' high, or with the latest contemporary washer-dryer of only 2.4 cubic feet capacity and having a cabinet 27" wide, 26" deep and 36" high.

A further object is to provide a washer-dryer that gives better washability of laundry at materially lower operating costs than is obtainable by contemporary machines as determined by a standard 8 pound load.

The immediately preceding object is accomplished by the self-heating, imperforate tumbler tub embodying the invention, which is adaptable to such dimensions in a given space as to give wrinkle-free drying which normally requires 0.75 cubic foot of tumbling volume per pound of clothes, or six cubic feet of volume for a standard 8- pound load which is the volume obtainable in a tub 26 in diameter and 20 deep.

Washability in tumbler machines is a linear function of tub diameter, water temperature and detergent concentration. Conventional washer-dryers, being Washers with dryer additives, tend to dry in a washer rather than washing in a dryer, as is the case of the invention herein disclosed. To obtain wrinkle-freeness, the drying volume is of the order of 2.5 times the washing volumn. Conventional, contemporary washers are at a disadvantage for Washability results because in a 20.5 diameter tub, tumbler Washability is equal to agitator washabilities; therefore, a 26" diameter single, imperforate tumbler tub of a preferred embodiment of my invention, provides 25% better Washability than is obtainable in conventional agitator washers.

A still further object is to provide a washer-dryer that will use only one-half the water required by contemporary tumbler washers and only one-third the amount required by conventional agitator washers, thus assuring a material saving in detergent cost even though using higher con-- centrations than those recommended, the recommended concentrations being about 0.3% by weight of waterused in the machine. Washability is thereby improved, at the same time affording material savings in the amount of water used and the cost of heating water.

A still further object is to provide a machine by which the water (wash and rinse) may be heated in situ and the maximum temperature thereof controlled and limited by the length of the wash cycle which may be preset by the user of the machine. Therefore, the need for a separate hot water supply of uncertain available capacity and temperature, and expensive and complicated thermostatically controlled hot and cold water mixers are eliminated.

wrinkleafree drying is a direct function of tub diameter, and the tub volume and an inverse function of the density of the clothes loading, the spin speed, the inlet water ten1- perature, plateau temperature, terminal temperature and cooling temperature. Drying costs are an inverse function of drying efiiciency and spin speed. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, drying is accomplished by highly efiicient conduction heating rather than, as in the conventional contemporary machines, by radiation or convection heating. The contents of the tub of the present invention are heated by the same means, namely the.

peripheral wall exchanger, during both the washing and the drying cycles. The top temperature of the tub wall only is controlled thermostatically. The water vapor saturation is maintained at a high level by using only about 15 c.f.m. of air flow through the tumbler tub (primarily for cooling purposes), instead of the conventional 200 c.f.m. of heated input air. The clothes density is kept unusually low by utilizing a six cubic foot tub for an 8- pound load. Each of the above factors contributes to wrinkle-free drying. Only in the choice of spin speed is compromise involved in order to avoid heat-set wrinkles. The spin speed preferred is only one-half that of some of the contemporary competitive machines. While the spin speed selected increases the drying load by about 25 the unusually high drying efiiciency of the machine of this invention more than makes up for the extra drying load.

By means of the foregoing, the invention provides a machine in which the separate dryer heaters of contemporary machines are eliminated and the cost of drying is free compared to the cost involved in contemporary washer-dryers or separate washers and dryers.

A further object is to provide a simplified means for draining the imperforate tumbler tub as compared to the conventional means of draining the perforate inner tub int-o the imperforate outer tub and then pumping out the latter by means of a conventional centrifugal pump.

The immediately preceding object is achieved by tapering the imperforate tub, compartmentalizing it by means of a partition spaced from the large end of the tub a distance of about 5% of the tub length peripherally perforating the partition and mounting within the compartment, adjacent said large end, a radially disposed, stationary diverter or scoop. By this means, the tub is drainable only when subjected to the spin speed which is high enough time of free water in the imperforate tumbler tub of the.

invention.

In conventional contemporary machines, the water level detecting means reacts to the amount of water in the stationary sump of an outer tub, whereas in the embodiment of my invention, control of water volume is determined by the sloshing, free water level, in a rotating scoop compartment. For this purpose, a conventional pressure switch may be utilized which is operated by the pressure of air trapped in a stationary, radially mounted tube dis-. posed at the 6:00 oclock position in the scoop compartment, for controlling the energization and de-energiza- 'tion of the solenoid of the water supply valve. The pressure switch is calibrated to open the water valve circuit when a specific volume, for example, one gallon of free water, has accumulated in the tub compartment. That means, in the assumed case, that four gallons is the total amount of water supplied to a standard 8-pound load of clothes as against 8 gallons in conventional tumblers and- 16 gallons for conventional agitator machines.

A further object is to provide a machine that will develop a centrifugal force of about 1 G at the distribute speed of the imperforate tub which force is intermediate the 0.6 G developed during the tumbling speed and ap proximately a force of 25 Gs developed at the spin speed. The distributing speedreduces the accelerating torques and the eccentricity of the load of clothes which is one of the important features of the invention.

A further object is to provide means for heating, by conduction, the contents of the imperforate tub, by heating the peripheral wall thereof, instead of heating the tub contents by radiation or by convection, as is done in conventional. machines- Either gas or electric heat sources may be used.

If gas heat is used, a conversion burner may be located in the bottom section of the machine in the 6:00 oclock position of the tumbler tub. When so located, the products of combustion cannot enter the drying chamber to discolor the clothes which occurs in all conventional machines. A thermostat in almost touching contact with the peripheral wall of the tub may be utilized to control the maximum temperature thereof. Furthermore, a miniature l5 c.f.m. blower is suflicient to purge the tub of steam and vapor during both the washing and the drying cycles. Such a blower may also'be employed in the case of gas heat to wihdraw the products .of combustion and dispatch them to some disposal point.

When electric heat is used in a preferred embodiment of the invention, mica-blacked heaters are wrapped around the peripheral wall of the tub and supplied with voltage through slip rings carried by the tub, and controlled by a thermostat in contact with tub wall to limit the maximum temperature thereof. The heaters andthe tub may be fully enclosed by a blanket of insulating material. In such a case, the clothes drying efficiency of the machine approaches the efiiciency of the insulation.

A further object is to provide a simple but structurally sound means for rotatably mounting the imperforate tumbler tub and for furnishing access means for air and water and the loading of the same with clothes and the removal thereof from the tub. In competitive, two-speed machines, the practice is to mount the inner tub on a cantilever support provided with a cone bearing. That support also constitutes the rear end plate of the outer tub. Such a mounting not only limits the volume of the inner tub, but it also imposes excessive loads on the bearings during the spinning operation. In the preferred embodiment of my invention, the imperforate tumbler tub is provided with a hollow journal at each end, each of which is supported in bearings mounted in a stationary cage or frame comprising two end members laterally joined by two arcuate, rigidifying alignment plates, or by spacers and tie rods. The demountable cage or frame may be fastened to either a I or a U section base. Integral with the end members are stubby, hollow, stationary shafts. The front frame member is equipped with the door hinge mountings, and the rear frame member is furished with the slip ring brushes, a water valve and water inlet tube, pressure switch mountings, and a blower housing and duct. The entire supporting means is abnormally strong and inexpensive; the clothes door is slotted to provide an inlet for ambient air, the front shaft may have a 12" bore in a preferred embodiment, for the clothes opening, and the rear hollow shaft may have a three inch bore to accommodate the water inlet, the water outlet and the exhaust air outlet.

A still further object is to provide a machine requiring a minimal cabinet, instead of the elaborate cabinets found in conventional contemporary machines. This object is accomplished by concentrating the needs of structural strength in the cage-tub assembly itself, so that the J frame merely supports the weight of this assembly and the dress-up shell that furnishes aesthetic appearance only.

A still further object is to provide a highly simplified control system for automatically cycling the machine.

The next preceding object is achieved by means of a system comprising a conventional, two-hour spring-wound, dryer-timer controlling two circuits, one for the main drive motor of the tub and the other for the heater. To this timer is added a frictionally driven, washing cycle control, and auxiliary circuit cams and an indicator, limited to some 24 minutes of travel and embodying the water valve solenoid and the tumbler distribute speed control circuits. The spin speed circuit is activated by a time delay relay in parallel with the distribute speed circuit, whereby the distribute speed must precede the spin speed. By this timer, all that the operator has to do is to turn the timer knob to the estimated total laundering time. Of that time, the first 25 minutes will always comprise the wash-rinse-spin-cycles, the wash cycle being adjustable.

A further object is to provide plug-in means whereby the basic laundry unit may be up-graded to whatever economic level or functional performance desired. This is in keeping with the fundamental aspect of my invention that full series of models can be produced from a single tooling, assembly line and inventory, the plug-in-ability being such that the up-grading can be done on location i.e. at the owners home. This is not to be construed as favoring in any Way the conventional tendency towards over-gadgetry, in which too large a percentage of the total cost is devoted to a much too small percentage of the actual usage of the product, as such tendency is incompatible with the needs of the mass market.

Finally, it is an object, which is associated with the primary object, to correct the traditional imbalance in the home laundry appliance market saturations; specifically my invention is directed to correcting the trend whereby 76% of the total annual sales of automatic washers involve replacement sales, the market being so dissatisfied with what is available for the handling of the drying function, even though all washed clothes must be dried. Accordingly, it is an object to make available to the re placement market a functionally superior, basic laundry unit washer and dryer at a cost materially less than the cost of washers now available for for such replacements.

The foregoing and other objects of the invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains from the following description and the drawings.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a view in perspective of a laundry washerdryer embodying a form of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view in perspective of the washerdryer, the dress-up housing and insulation being removed;

FIG. 3 is a view in longitudinal, vertical section of the machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a partial view in rear elevation of the machine shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, parts thereof being shown in section;

FIG. 5 is a partial view in front elevation, parts being in section, showing the loading and unloading end of the washer-dryer embodying the invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view in section taken on line 6-6 of FIG. 3 showing the front hollow tub journal, the hollow stub shaft therefor, the anti-friction bearing, and the seals;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view in section taken on line 77 of FIG. 3 showing the hollow journal at the rear of the tub, the hollow stub shaft, the anti-friction bearing therefor, the seal and the mounting of the slip ring;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view in longitudinal, vertical section of the transmission through which the tumbler tub is driven by the motor;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged partial view in section illustrating a clutch and a clutch shifter embodied in the transmission;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged more or less schematic view of the transmission of FIG. 8;

FIGURE 10a is a schematic illustrating of the control circuit of the machine;

FIG. 11 is a view in longitudinal vertical section of a timer of the control circuit;

FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 are views in sequention taken on lines 1212, 1313 and 1414 of FIGURE 11 showing certain cams embodied in the timer;

FIG. 15 is a fragmentary view in front elevation of a modified form of basic washer-dryer unitembodying the invention;

FIG. 16 is an enlarged fragmentary view in rearend elevation of the machine shown in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a fragmentary view in longitudinal, vertical section of the machine illustrated by FIGS. 15 and 16;

FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of the water scoop and water level control means embodied in the machine of FIGS. 15, 16 and 17; and

FIG. 19 is a view in vertical section to an enlarged scale, illustrating the support frame at the rear end of the machine of FIGS. 15 through 18 inclusive, showingthe tub water inlet means, the slip ring, the rear journal bearing and a portion of the water level control tube.

In the drawings, the laundry machine, 1, embodying,

I what now appears to be a preferred form of the invention,

comprises a single, imperforate wall, tumbler tub 2 mounted for rotation in a rigid cage or frame 3, which together form the basic unit. That unit is attached to and carried by 'a I section frame 4 of sheet metal which also supports the dressup cabinet shell 4A.

The tube 2 may be rotated at operating speeds by means of a motor 5 and a multi speed transmission 6.

In order that the wash and rinse water may be heated in situ, that is in the tub, by conduction, during the washing cycle, means 7 are provided for heating the imperforate tub wall of tumbler 2. The particular means 7 illustratedcomprises electric heating elements of the mica-backed, wrap-around type, mounted on the exterior of the tub wall. This same heater means is used for drying the clothes by conduction during the drying cycle.

During the washing cycle, the transmission 6 is set to provide a relatively low speed of the tumbler, that is, a speed sufficient to provide a fraction of a G of centrifugal force. Another speed of the transmission provides about 1 G for distributing the load in the tub preparatory to extracting the water from the load at a much higher speed of the tub, for example, a speed that provides a centrifugal force of approximately 25 ga The operation of the motor and the speed shifting mechanism of the transmission, including the introduction of water and the proper cycling of operations of the machine from washing to rinsing to final extraction and drying is accomplished by a timer control mechanism 8 de scribed infra.

THE TUMBLER TUB 2 The tumbler tub 2 comprises a hollow, imperforate member 9 that constitutes the wall of the tub, and front and back walls 10 and 11. Member 9 tapers from one end to the other in order that the water will flow to the large end thereof when voiding water and detergent solution extracted from the laundry load, as the tub is rotated at extraction speed. Thus, the tub is essentially frusto-conic in shape and, in the illustrated embodiment it fiares from front to back so that the large end is at the back of the machine. The flare may be of the order of /2 in or 2.5 per 100 of length. The flare may also be from back to front, in which case the water level control means and the water removal means would be located at the front end of the machine.

The front Wall 10is made strong and rigid. In one form, it may be manufactured as a casting having a recessed rim 12 for receiving the front end of the wall member 9.Wall 10 is formed with ribs 10 extending radially from its hollow hub 13 to further strengthen and rigidity the same (FIGS. 2 and 3). Hub 13 is recessed to accommodate the outer race 14 of a roller or other anti-friction bearing 16. The. inner end of the hub 13 is provided with an annular flange 17, the surface 18 of which slopes downwardly and inwardly of the tub to protect the bearing from water and detergent solution.

As shown, there is a relatively large opening 18' in the hub 13 to accommodate laundry placed into or removed from the tub.

The back end of the tub wall member 9 is provided with an outwardly extending annular channel 19 (FIG. 3), the function of which is to confine the centrifuged or extracted water and serve as a scoop race and facilitate water removal.

The tub back wall 11, like the wall 10, is preferably of rigid construction and in one form may comprise a .cast member having a flat rim 20 for receiving the large end of the tub wall 9. Wall 11 may also be provided with stiffening ribs 21 extending radially from its hollow hub 22. If desired, the rim 20 may be provided with an integral, grooved pulley 20' by which the hub may be belt driven.

As may be seen in the drawings, the hub 22 and its opening are materially smaller in diameter than the opening 18' in the hub 13. The inner end of hub 22 is provided with an annular shoulder 23 for retaining a roller or other anti-friction bearing assembly 24.

The tub 2 with its end walls and the frame 3 constitute a basic laundry unit designed to be supported by a formed sheet metal frame end enclosed by a dress-up shell which serves the aesthetic appeal. Such a basic unit requires but one tooling, one assembly line and a single inventory of parts.

The basic unit itself to up-grading by the addition of various and sundry devices which for the most part merely add to the price the consumer pays without increasing the utility of the machine.

In order to provide for. the control of the free water and the free detergent solution level in the tumbler tub and also to provide for the voiding of wash and rinse Water when the tub is driven at extraction speed, a circular partition 25 is provided adjacent to but spaced a short distance from the inner faceof the end wall 11. The diameter of the partition is such that it engages the inner 8 corner 26 of the channel .19 to which it is secured. At the periphery of the partition uniformly and relatively closely spaced notches or serrations 27 may be provided to allow for the free flow of water or solution between the level control-voiding and the laundry load compartments 28 and 29 formed by the partition 25.

The means for withdrawing water and solutionfrom the voiding compartment 26 and controlling the quantity of free water or solution in the tub will be described infra.

The partition 25 is provided with an opening 30 through which access to the compartment 28 may be had to clean the same and remove any lint that may have found its way through the serrations 27. Opening 30. may be closed by a removable cover plate 31 having a clip 32 for receiving the edge of the opening 30. The center of plate 31 is provided with an opening for accommodating a nozzle 33 of a water supply fitting or tube 34. On the inner face of plate 31 is a circular flange 35 which is secured to the same and to partition 25 by screws or rivets or other means. The flange 35 serves as a guard for the nozzle 33 and prevents the dropping of laundry upon it as the tub rotates.

In order to impart a dropping or tumbling action to the laundry load, the inner face of the tub member 9 is provided witha plurality of uniformly spaced baffles 36. In the particular tumbler shown, there is provision for six baflies, spaced 60 apart. The bafiles may be secured in any suitable manner to wall member 9 as by spot weldmg.

The efficiency of the washing-distributing and rinsingdistributing action of a tumbler machine is influenced by the radial depth of the baffles, the diameter of the tumbler tub 2 and the quantity of free water or solution.

therein.

Some seventeen years ago, a United States patent disclosed, in connection with perforate wall tumbler washers, a speed range ratio of -50/R to 54.77/R were R was the radius of the tub in feet. For a 26-inch diameter tub, such as employed in a specific form of the machine disclosed, this speed range ratio would be between 47.8 to 52.4 r.p.m. In the particular machine herein disclosed, it has been found that the speed ratio range lies between from 38 r.p.m. for the tumble washing speed, to 52 r.p.m. for the distributing speed. A speed of 38 r.p.m. for a 26-inch tub produces a centrifugal force of 0.54 G and a distributing speed of-52 r.p.m. produces l G. The ratio range disclosed in the aforementioned patent was based on a theory as applied to a perforate tub, Whereas the ratio as applied to the instant machine is lower because of the fact thatthe tub is imperforate.

If it be assumed that the tumbler tub 2 rotates clockwise, the bafiies willlift the laundry load to about the 11:00 oclock position before dumping it off in a parabolic path. The configuration of the parabola is a function of tub speed, tub diameter, the clothes loading and the tub water loading or level. Much of the washing action occurs at the 5:00 oclock impact area. A tumbler tub machine, washing at its rated load, will need a high r.p.m. running speed if its bafiles are low and a low r.p.m. running speed if its battles are high in order to achieve correct tumbling and maximum washability.

The greater the depth of the free water loading in the tub, the higher the baffles must be if balling and floating of the clothes are to be avoided. The wetter the clothes during distribution, the higher the tub speed must be to effect satisfactory distribution. The lower the volume of water carried by the tumbling clothes, the easier the clothes are to distribute evenly. The more even the distribution of the laundry load among the baflles, the less the machine vibrates while water is extracted from the clothes by spinning the tub at high speed.

It is also to be taken into account that balling of the clothes will occur during the fluff drying cycle unless the baffles are sufliciently high.

In the aforementioned patent, it Was disclosed that the peripheral speed of a perforate tub should be between 0.923 G and 1.01 G. The argument was, that if the peripheral speed, the baflle configuration and the water loading were arranged to produce tumbling at just below 1 G, then upon draining the free water from the tub, the latter would accelerate to its 1 G distributing speed. However, this teaching resulted in poor washing in tumbler tubs.

It has been discovered by experimentation with the present invention that much better washability can be effected within a tumble speed range of 0.4 to 0.8 G, this being the speed range in which good tumble fluffdrying occurs.

In short, an acceptable washer-dryer requires a tumbler speed so much less than the distributing speed, that a separate distributing speed should be utilized. If the clothes are not adequately distributed before the extraction operation, excessive vibration develops unless isolation means are added. Distributing of the load is even more important in the case of an imperforate tub machine because therein not even the free water can be removed until the peripheral speed of the tub is above 2 Gs, in which event, all of the water load, including the clothes load, must be accelerated in order to effect draining of the tub.

In imperforate tubs, a distributing speed is of the utmost importance to reduce vibration resulting from unbalance of the laundry load and to reduce the motor torques required to accelerate the tub from tumbling to spin or extraction speed. For the purpose of this invention and to accomplish low vibration performance, a three-speed transmission is utilized.

The particular value of the spin speed to be used in a given case, is often conjectural, since centrifugal extraction, although quick and eflicient, involves the limitations of tolerable vibration and machine cost. The mounting system for the tub of this invention is far superior to that employed in machines heretofore and presently constructed. But because of its low weight, it has relatively low self-damping. Heavier machines are more stable at high speed rotation of an unbalanced load; however, by distributing the laundry load after the washing cycle but before the extraction cycle begins, the unbalanced Weight is materially reduced. By employing double journal bearings, as disclosed, whipping action of the tub is reduced to a minimum. By providing the bearings with resilient mountings, as described infra, vibration is adequately handled.

In the present invention, washing of laundry is accomplished in what would normally be by present day standards, a dryer, which means that the radial thickness of the spinning annulus of the clothes is much less than it is in contemporary machines that dry in a separate dryer. That is, the larger the clothes loading per unit of tub volume, the easier it is to get uniform distribution of the clothes prior to extraction.

All things considered, it is preferred to spin the tub of this invention at about 25 Gs or 250 r.p.m. That generally means there will be slightly less than 100% retention in an 8-pound load of Indian Head test clothes. Although this is much better than can be obtained in many competitive devices, it is not as good as the extraction obtained in machines operating at 550 r.p.m. or higher. However, the machine of this invention is capable of evaporating water at the rate of about 0.25 pound per minute. Thus, if the spin cycle is followed by only 10 minutes of fluff drying, the water retention is reduced to that obtained by very high speed extraction machines. The selection of a proper tumbling speed rests upon bafile configuration and free water loading. In the imperforate tub machine of this invention, means are provided for automatically proportionalizing the amount of inlet Water to the size and type of clothes load. This means, that no matter how much water the clothes naturally soak up and carry, there will generally be the same volume of extra or free water in the tub. The free volume is approximately 1 gallon in a six-cubic foot imperforate tumbler tub. Thus, with one gallon of free water, a baflle configuration and a tub speed can be devised that will be satisfactory for both tumble washing and tumble drying. With an average total water loading of some four gallons, a normal drying cycle heater having a capacity of 5,500 Watts can heat the water from an average inlet water temperature of 70 to the recommended temperature of in an average washing time of approximately 10 minutes. With such a water loading, the bafile height varies between 10% and 20% of the tub diameter and the tumble speed varies between 0.4 and 0.7 G. The preferred speed is then about 38 r.p.m. Thus, the tumble washing, rinsing and drying are done at a fraction of 1 G; the distributing is done at a speed of about 1 G and spinning or extraction at a multiple of l G. The distributing speed contributes materially to a reduction in vibration and without it, unbalanced loading with consequent high or bad vibration would result.

By means of the Water level control element in the voiding compartment 28 and the water level control means described infra, the water supplied the machine is automatically proportioned to the load of clothes in the machine, and the capacity thereof to absorb water. Thus, no matter how much laundry load is in the tumbler, provided the load is within its capacity, suflicient water will flow into the machine to saturate the clothes and provide about one gallon of free volume of water. That free volume accumulates in the compartments 28 and 29, and will be the same in value regardless of the weight of the load in pounds because it is determined by the level of the water or solution in the compartment 28. The level control operates to shut oif the supply as soon as the control level of free water is reached. Furthermore, as will be shown infra, that level is automatically maintained in the wash and rinse cycles. If the machine overflows because of excessive suds and a consequent carry out of water, more water is added automatically to restore the level. In doing so, particularly in the washing cycle, the suds are reduced by the inflow of cold water which is desirable because excessive suds caused the overflow in the first place and secondly, excessive sudsing impairs the quality of the washing action.

THE CAGE OF FRAME 3 The cage of frame 3 comprises front and back frame members 38 and 39 rigidly connected to each other by tubular spacers 40 and tie rods 41 extending through the same and the bosses 42 and 43 at the four corners of the members 38 and 39. On the ends of these tie rods suitable nuts are threaded and drawn up sufliciently to place the rods in tension and the spacers in compression. The hollow journals of the tub end walls, the stub shafts on the frames 38 and 29 with their anti-friction bearings, together with the spacers and the tie rods thus form the basic washer-dryer unit of the invention. The details of these features are described infra.

The above mentioned basic washer-dryer unit 3 is mounted to the 1 frame 4. Frame 4 has a back 43a, a bottom 44 and a front 45. The edges of the back, bottom and front are formed with right-angled flanges 43'a, 44a and 45a to accommodate fastening screws or stove bolts where needed in the assembly of the machine. As shown, the flanges are cut on a bias at the corners and may be welded or otherwise suitably secured to provide a rigid structure. Gussets and other stiffening members may be employed also to rigidify the frame.

The front frame 38 is suitably flanged at the inner edges of the side, top and. bottom thereof whereby it may be bolted to the flanges 45a of the frame 4.

The basic unit 3, when mounted on frame 4, rests at the front on the top flange of the front wall 45 to which it is secured by bolts 46 and 46a (see FIGS. 2, 3 and 6),

1 1 while the back frame 39 thereof is secured by bolts 46b and 460 to the back 43a of the J-frame (see FIG. 4).

The back 43a stands slightly higher than the top of the tumbler 2 to accommodate various auxiliaries mounted thereon as for example, the timer 8, as explained infra.

The front frame 38 is shown quite plainly in FIGS. 2, 3, and 6. It is preferably made as a die casting, and its center is formed with a relatively large opening 47 framed by a specially formed flange construction 47a from which strengthening or stiffening ribs 48 and 49 radiate to the top, bottom and sides of the frame. The opening 47 registers with the opening 18 of the tub 2.

The specially shaped flange 47a is formed as to be adapted to receive a similarly formed snap-on seal ring 50 of rubber or plastic (see FIGS. 3 and 6). The inner portion 51 of flange 47a constitutes a hollow journal that accommodates the inner race 16a of bearing 16. A resilient seal and bearing mount 50 of substantially L-shape is provided for the bearing 16. It retains the outer race 16b of the hearing. The long leg of seal 50' engages the bearing race 16a and the short leg engages the underside of the flange 17. The seal 50' performs two.

important functions: (1) It protects the hearing from water and detergent; and (2) it provides a resilient mounting for the front bearing 16 of the tub, thus tending to materially reduce vibration of the machine, particularly at the centrifuging speeds. The seal 50 and the flange 17 of front end wall of tub 2 also shield the bearing 16 from water and detergent.

The frame 38 is provided with hinges 52 on which a door 53 is hung to close the machine when in operation.

The door may be held shut by means of a permanent magnet 54.

In order to provide for the drawing of ambient air through the tube 2 during the laundry cycles, the door 53 is provided with a slot 55 of suflicient area to permit a flow of c.f.m. or more of air per minute through the tub.

The back frame 39 is shown in elevation by dotted lines in FIG. 4, and in section in FIG. 3. It is formed preferably as a die casting and provided, as shown, with stiffening ribs and flanges located on and projecting inwardly from the inner face thereof. The central portion of frame 39 is provided with a hollow stepped journal 56 for accommodating the inner race of bearing 24 and supporting the back end of the tumbler tub 2. The journal 56 being hollow, communicates with the tub voiding and level control chamber 28. It also includes a vertical tubular passage 57 to the lower end of which the ,Water inlet pipe 34 is connected. The upper end of the pas sage 57 is provided with a funnel 57a into which the outlet pipe 58 of a solenoid valve 59 of the on and off type, discharges. The water supply to the valve is furnished by an inlet pipe 60.

Frame 39 is provided also with inwardly projecting spaced concentric flanges 61 and 62. The flange 61 forms with the hub or journal 56 an open housing for slip rings 63 and 64 carried by and insulated from the hub 22 of the tub back wall 11, as shown, with insulation 65. The slip rings provide a means for connecting the supply voltage to the heating elements 7. When a three wire 220 volts supply is used, the tub is grounded through the rear bearing. Frame 39 also carries a brush holder 66 having brushes 67 and 68 riding on the slip rings as shown in FIG. 3.

The journal 56, being hollow, provides a passage for the water being voided or expelled from chamber 28, the passage leading to a drain hose or pipe 69 by which the water is conducted to the sewer or other place of disposal.

The bearing and slip ring construction at the back end of tub 2 is shown by the enlarged fragmentary half section of FIG. 7. As illustrated, the tub journal extends rearwardly of the end wall 11 and is provided with the inwardly extending shoulder or flange 23 against which the inner edge of bearing 24 abuts. The outer surface of the journal is stepped as at 23a to receive a slip-ring insulating layer on which the slip rings 63 and 64 are mounted.

The journal 56 is provided with an annular step 56a that receives and retains the inner race 24a of bearing 24. The outer race 24b of the bearing is received in a resilient ring 240 of rubber or suitable plastic, and of substantially L-shape in section. The. inner leg 24d of the ring engages the inner race 24a, thereby forming a seal to keep water and detergent solution off the bearing rollers and the races.

As the bearings at each end of the tub are supported resiliently, vibration is kept low at all speeds of operation 1 of the tub.

In order to void or expel water and detergent solution WATER LEVEL CONTROL To control the level of water in the tub chambers 28 and 29, a level responsive control means 72 is disposed in chamber 28 and mounted to the journal 56 (see FIGS.

3 and 7). It comprises a hollow tube extending downwardly into chamber 28. The lower end of that tube is open and terminates at a level slightly above the underside of the tub,,preferably at the 6:00 oclock position. The upper end of the tube 73 is connected by a flexible hose 73a to a chamber 74 in which is mounted a diaphragm 75 for operating normally closed electric contacts 76 and 76a disposed in series circuit with the solenoid S of the valve 5-9 (see the circuitin FIG. 10a). As the water level rises in the tube 73, the air trapped therein is compressed, and when the water level reaches the set point or the controlled value, the diaphragm opens the contacts 76 and 76a, the solenoid of the valve is deenergized, the value closes, and the water supply is shut otf.

VAPOR REMOVAL As the machine operates through its washing, rinsing of the 1 frame 4 and driven by a motor 78. The vapor flows through the journal 56 and a duct 78a leading to the intake of the fan by which it is discharged to the atmosphere or to a suitable vent, such as a chimney flue, for example. The duct is formed as a flanged channel and bolted as shown to the back 43a. When the machine is 1 drying clothes, it is desirable that ambient or room air be pulled through the tub. That is accomplished by the fan, the air being admitted through the slot 55 in the door 53.

The electric heating elements7, as stated, are preferably of the flat, mica-backed Nichrome resistance type which can be wrapped around the tub as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and the adjacent ends secured by means of coil springs 79. These heater elements are supplied with voltage from the slip rings as stated.

In order to prevent scorching of the laundry while drying, a thermostatic switch 80-is provided. The switch 80 is preferably mounted in a well 81 formed inwardly of the tub side wall, as shownin FIG. 3. The contacts of switch 80 are in series circuit with all ofthe heating elements 7; therefore, if the tub wall reaches, the temperature for which the thermostat is set, a temperature below the scorch temperature of such laundry as is normally washed in a machine, the contacts open and de energize the heating elements.

13 THE MOTOR DRIVE AND TRANSMISSION 6 As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the motor 5 and transmission 6 are mounted on the bottom 44 of the frame. The motor may be single-phase and provided with a phase-shift capacitor 82 and a quadrature starting winding 83 and a centrifugal switch 84 whose contacts 85 (see FIG. a) open and cut out the starting Winding when the motor has reached normal running speed. The centrifugal switch is provided with a set of back contacts 86 that open when the starting switch contacts 85 are closed and close when the starting contacts open.

The back contacts 86 are in series circuit with the heater elements 7. Therefore, when the motor 5 is being started and accelerating to normal running speed, the heater elements 7 are disconnected from the voltage supply. In that manner, the peak power demand is kept low at those times when the motor load is the highest. The same operation takes place when the transmission shifts from a low or an intermediate speed to a higher speed, because the motor speed drops in response to the increased load ofacceleration to a value at which the starting switch contacts 85 close and connect the capacitor 82 and starting winding 83 to the voltage supply.

THE TRANSMISSION 6 The motor shaft 86a is connected to the input shaft 87 of the transmission 6 by a flexible coupling 88. The transmission is shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 and in greater detailby FIGS. 8 and 9. It comprises the input shaft 87, and an output shaft 89 on which output gears 90, 91 and 92 are mounted. The gears 90 and 91 run free on the shaft, while gear 92 is secured to the shaft by a key 92'.

The input shaft 87 is provided with drive gears 93, 94 and 95 that mesh with the respective gears 90, 91 and 92 on shaft 89. Gears 93 and 94 are keyed to the shaft 87 by av key 96, while gear 95 is free on the shaft.

, .When, gear 90 is clutched to shaft 89, tub 2 is driven at tumble speed; when gear 91 is clutched thereto, the tub is driven at distribute speed; and when gear 95 is clutched to the input shaft 89, the tub is driven at the extraction or spin speed.

Gears 90 and 92 are provided with clutch hubs 97 and 98, respectively, and an over-running clutch band 99 in the form of a coil spring so wound that when gear 90 is the driven gear, that portion of the spring embracing hub 98 grips the same and drives gear 92 and the output shaft 89.

. Gear 91 can be clutched to shaft 89 to provide the distribute speed, by means of a clutch member 100 secured to shaft 89 by a key 101, a clutch hub 102 on gear 91 and a clutch band 103 of the coil spring type embracing the member 100 and the hub 102. Clutch spring 103 is so wound as to lightly grip member 100 at all times while the other end, when released, frictionally grips the gear hub 102.

- Clutch band 103 can be released to non-driving condition by means of a plunger 104 (see FIGS. 2, 4, 9 and 10) that is actuated to clutch release position by means of a compression spring 105 and to clutch engaging position by means of a solenoid 106 controlled by the timer 8 (see the circuit in FIG. 10a) to establish the distribute speed drive for the tub.

Gear 95 may be clutched to or released from shaft 87 by means of a clutch member 107 keyed to shaft 87, a clutch hub 108 on gear 95 and a clutch band 109 of the coil spring type, that embraces member 107 and the hub 108. Clutch band 109 is so wound that it always has a light friction grip on member 108. Thus, when the end of the portion of the spring on hub 107 is free, the spring winds up and tightly grips the clutch member and the hub. The clutch band is held in clutch-release position by means of a spring-biased solenoid plunger 109a (see FIG. 10) and is permitted to move to clutch engaging.

position by a spin speed control solenoid 110 (see FIGS. 2, 4 and 10a). The solenoid 110 is energized by a timedelay relay (see 127 of FIG. 10a) to effect spinning speed drive of the tub. The time delay relay is energized when the distribute speed solenoid 106 has been energized.

When gear is driven, clutch bands 103 and 109 are released, thereby allowing gears 91 and to run free on their respective shafts. In the case where gear 91 is the driven gear, clutch band 99 over-runs clutch hub 98 of gear 92, whereby the tub 2 is driven at distribute speed. When the clutch band 109 is released to engaged position, clutch band 103 is in release position and clutch band 99 over-runs gear 90; therefore, the gear 92 is the driven gear and tub 2 is driven at extraction speed.

The output shaft '89 has a pulley thereon that drives a belt 116 running in the pulley 20' on the rim 20 of the tub end wall 11. An idler pulley 117 is provided and mounted on a swing arm 118 to which a spring 119 is connected, to provide the necessary belt tension.

The machine, as illustrated in FIG. 2, shows the heating elements 7 uncovered. It is to be understood that a layer of suitable insulation such as glass fibres, for example, is required and is best wrapped around the tub to totally enclose the tub and the heating elements, thereby conserving heat. The efiiciency of the machine as a dryer approaches the efficiency of the insulation.

The J frame 4 of the machine, as shown and described, provides the foundation for the cabinet. The cabinet or dress-up shell 4A may be open at the back so that it can he slipped on or off with ease as needed for servicing the machine and easy replacement of parts.

THE TIMER AND CONTROL CIRCUITS FIGS. 1, 11-14 AND 100 FIG. 10a illustrates schematically the circuits by which the wash, distribute, spin, rinse, distribute, spin, and dry ing cycles are accomplished. There is one wash cycle followed by one or more rinse cycles, the rinse cycles being interspersed with distribute and spin cycles. The voltage supply terminals for the machine are indicated at 120, 121, and 122, terminal 122 being at ground or neutral.

The timer 8 includes contacts 123-123a, 124124a, 125125a, and 12 6-126a that control, respectively, the admission of water for washing and rinsing, energization of motors 5 and 78 and simultaneously establish the tumbler speed and the energization of 'heater elements 7, and subsequently the establishment of the distribute speed of the tub. The closing of the distribute speed contacts 126-12041 efiects the energization of the thermal timedelay relay 127 that controls the spin speed solenoid 110 of the transmission 6. The construction of the timer 8 is shown in FIGS. 11-14.

The water control contacts 123-123a are connected in series with the contacts 76 76:: of the level control means 72 and the solenoid S of the valve 59. Contacts 124-124a control the energization of the motors 5 and 78 whereby motor 5 drives tub 2, through the transmission, at the tumble speed, and the motor 78 drives the exhaust fan. The length or duration of the tumble speed or washing operation may be adjusted at the timer 8. The contacts 1 25125a close when contacts 124 12401 close and energize the heater elements 7 through the back contacts 86 of the centrifugal starting switch 84 when motor 5 is at normal running speed. Contacts 126-126a energize the distribute speed solenoid 106 of transmission 6. When contacts 126126a close, the heater 130 of relay 127 is energized through conductors 130a and 13Gb. After the lapse of the time delay interval of relay 127, contacts 131-131a of that relay close to energize the spin or exextraction speed solenoid 110 of the transmission.

As the transmission shifts from one speed to a higher speed, the load on the motor causes it to slow down to the speed at which the starting switch 84 closes its contacts 85 to introduce the starting winding 83 and the capacitor 82 into the starting circuit and simultaneously de-. 

1. A WASHER-DRIER COMPRISING A SINGLE, IMPERFORATE, EXTERIOR TUB, MEANS SUPPORTING THE TUB FOR ROTATION ABOUT THE LENGTHWISE AXIS THEREOF, MEANS FOR ROTATING THE TUB DURING THE WASHING AND DRYING CYCLES THEREOF, HEATING MEANS CARRIED ON AND ENCIRCLING THE EXTERIOR PERIPHERAL WALL OF SAID TUB FOR HEATING EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL SURFACES OF SAID TUB, MEANS FOR ADMITTING ARTICLES TO BE WASHED AND DRIED TO THE INTERIOR OF THE TUB, MEANS FOR ADMITTING WATER TO THE INTERIOR OF THE TUB TO BE HEATED SOLELY BY CONTACT WITH THE HEATED INTERIOR WALL OF SAID TUB, MEANS FOR WITHDRAWING WATER FROM SAID TUB, AIR INLET MEANS AT ONE SIDE OF THE TUB FOR PROVIDING CONTINUOUS COMMUNICATION WITH AMBIENT AIR, AIR OUTLET MEANS AT THE OTHER SIDE OF THE TUB FOR EXHAUSTING AIR FROM THE INTERIOR OF THE TUB, AND MEANS FOR CAUSING AIR TO FLOW THROUGH SAID INLET MEANS AND THE INTERIOR OF THE TUB AND THENCE THROUGH SAID OUTLET MEANS DURING THE DRYING CYCLE. 